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USDA Expediting $10 Billion in Direct Economic Assistance to Agricultural Producers

ECAP Signup Opens: March 19, 2025

ECAP Application Submission Deadline: August 15, 2025

 

WASHINGTON, March 18, 2025 – U.S. Secretary of Agriculture Brooke Rollins, on National Agriculture Day, announced that the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) is issuing up to $10 billion directly to agricultural producers through the Emergency Commodity Assistance Program (ECAP) for the 2024 crop year. Administered by USDA’s Farm Service Agency (FSA), ECAP will help agricultural producers mitigate the impacts of increased input costs and falling commodity prices.

“Producers are facing higher costs and market uncertainty, and the Trump Administration is ensuring they get the support they need without delay,” said Secretary Rollins. “With clear direction from Congress, USDA has prioritized streamlining the process and accelerating these payments ahead of schedule, ensuring farmers have the resources necessary to manage rising expenses and secure financing for next season.”

Authorized by the American Relief Act, 2025, these economic relief payments are based on planted and prevented planted crop acres for eligible commodities for the 2024 crop year. To streamline and simplify the delivery of ECAP, FSA will begin sending pre-filled applications to producers who submitted acreage reports to FSA for 2024 eligible ECAP commodities soon after the signup period opens on March 19, 2025. Producers do not have to wait for their pre-filled ECAP application to apply. They can visit fsa.usda.gov/ecap to apply using a login.gov account or contact their local FSA office to request an application once the signup period opens.

Eligible Commodities and Payment Rates

Producer Eligibility

Eligible producers must report 2024 crop year planted and prevented planted acres to FSA on an FSA-578, Report of Acreage form. Producers who have not previously reported 2024 crop year acreage or filed a notice of loss for prevented planted crops must submit an acreage report by the Aug. 15, 2025, deadline. Eligible producers can visit fsa.usda.gov/ecap for eligibility and payment details.

Applying for ECAP

Producers must submit ECAP applications to their local FSA county office by Aug. 15, 2025. Only one application is required for all ECAP eligible commodities nationwide. ECAP applications can be submitted to FSA in-person, electronically using Box and One-Span, by fax or by applying online at fsa.usda.gov/ecap utilizing a secure login.gov account.

If not already on file for the 2024 crop year, producers must have the following forms on file with FSA:

Form AD-2047, Customer Data Worksheet.
Form CCC-901, Member Information for Legal Entities (if applicable).
Form CCC-902, Farm Operating Plan for an individual or legal entity.
Form CCC 943, 75 percent of Average Gross Income from Farming, Ranching, or Forestry Certification (if applicable).
AD-1026, Highly Erodible Land Conservation (HELC) and Wetland Conservation (WC) Certification.
SF-3881, Direct Deposit.

Except for the new CCC-943, most producers, especially those who have previously participated in FSA programs, likely have these forms on file. However, those who are uncertain and want to confirm the status of their forms or need to submit the new Form-943, can contact their local FSA county office.

If a producer does not receive a pre-filled ECAP application, and they planted or were prevented from planting ECAP eligible commodities in 2024, they should contact their local FSA office.

ECAP Payments and Calculator

ECAP payments will be issued as applications are approved. Initial ECAP payments will be factored by 85% to ensure that total program payments do not exceed available funding. If additional funds remain, FSA may issue a second payment.

ECAP assistance will be calculated using a flat payment rate for the eligible commodity multiplied by the eligible reported acres. Payments are based on acreage and not production. For acres reported as prevented plant, ECAP assistance will be calculated at 50%.

For ECAP payment estimates, producers are encouraged to visit fsa.usda.gov/ecap to use the ECAP online calculator.

If you have any questions, you may call our office at 806-792-4904.

March 7, 2025

Welcome to the March 7, 2025 issue of Cotton News, a service provided by Plains Cotton Growers Inc. for the cotton industry in the Texas High Plains and beyond.

PCG President Travis Mires, producer in Dawson and Lynn Counties, testified before the Texas House Committee on Agriculture and Livestock on March 4, 2025, during the 89th Texas Legislature Cotton Day at the Capitol. 

Cotton Day at the Capitol 2025

Plains Cotton Growers joined other commodity groups in Texas to celebrate Cotton Day during the 89th Texas Legislature. Sen. Charles Perry (R-District 28) designated March 4, 2025 as Cotton Day to celebrate this industry that we all love. PCG highlighted key issues for 20 state representatives (including Speaker Dustin Burrows (R-District 83), four state senators as well as the Lieutenant Governor’s staff.

PCG President Travis Mires also testified before the Texas House Committee on Agriculture and Livestock, highlighting the challenges that have burdened the Texas cotton industry for the last three years. At the end of his testimony, Mires stated: “I hate to paint such a bleak picture, but there’s no way around it. In my 45-year farming career, this is the worst year I’ve ever experienced.”

February 28, 2025

Welcome to the February 28, 2025 issue of Cotton News, a service provided by Plains Cotton Growers Inc. for the cotton industry in the Texas High Plains and beyond.

USDA Nominees and Appointments

USDA Secretary Brooke Rollins has hit the ground running since her confirmation February 13. Amid all the meetings and problem solving, she is setting up her department. The following is a list of nominees for deputy secretary, undersecretaries and senior staff appointments that have been named thus far.

USDA Deputy Secretary: Stephen Vaden

Information from ProFarmer

When announcing Vaden’s nomination in late December, Trump stated: “I am pleased to nominate Stephen Alexander Vaden to be Deputy Secretary of the Department of Agriculture, where he will work with our Great United States Secretary of Agriculture Nominee, Brooke Rollins,” Trump said in his announcement. “In my First Term, Stephen was the General Counsel of the Department of Agriculture, and a Member of the Board of the Commodity Credit Corporation, where he won two cases before the United States Supreme Court, relocated and reorganized the Agencies that comprise the Department to better serve Rural America, and engaged in substantial regulatory reform. Stephen joined the USDA on Day One of my First Term, and left in December 2020 after I nominated him, and the U.S. Senate confirmed him, to continue to serve the American People as an Article III Judge on the Court of International Trade. Judge Stephen Vaden resides in Union City, Tennessee, where he helps manage his family farm. Congratulations Stephen!”

Background:

  • Vaden’s accomplishments include winning Supreme Court cases, leading USDA reforms, and implementing key policies such as the 2018 Farm Bill and hemp legalization.
  • Vaden holds a law degree from Yale University and a bachelor’s degree from Vanderbilt University. Prior to his government service, Vaden worked at prominent Washington law firms, including Jones Day and Patton Boggs.
  • He currently serves as a judge on the United States Court of International Trade, a position he has held since December 2020.
  • During his tenure as USDA’s general counsel, Vaden achieved several notable successes: (1) Won two cases before the United States Supreme Court; (2) Oversaw the relocation and reorganization of USDA agencies to better serve rural America; (3) Engaged in substantial regulatory reform; (4) Implemented the 2018 Farm Bill; and (5) Managed rules for the legalization of industrial hemp and regulation of bioengineered crops.
  • Vaden maintains strong ties to agriculture, living in Union City, Tennessee, where he helps manage his family farm. This personal connection to farming likely provides him with valuable insights into the challenges and needs of rural America.
Confirmation Pending

UDSA Undersecretary for Farm Production and Conservation: Richard Fordyce

Fordyce returns to USDA as the Undersecretary of Farm Production and Conservation, having previously served as the Administrator of the Farm Service Agency in the previous Trump Administration.

In his role, he will oversee key agencies that directly serve farmers and ranchers, including the Farm Service Agency, Natural Resources Conservation Service and the Risk Management Agency.

Background:

  • Lifelong farmer
  • Former Farm Service Agency Administrator
  • Has worked with FSA for acreage reporting
  • Collaborated with NRCS on conservation efforts
  • Has relied on RMA for crop insurance
Confirmation Pending

USDA Undersecretary for Marketing and Regulatory Programs: Dudley Hoskins

Background:

  • Chief of Staff for USDA Marketing and Regulatory Programs (2017-2019)
  • Senior Advisor for USDA (2019-2021)
  • Public policy counsel for the National Association of State Departments of Agriculture
  • Director of Health and Regulatory Affairs for the American Horse Council
  • Manager of Regulatory Policy for RISE (Responsible Industry for a Sound Environment)
  • Juris Doctorate from Texas A&M University School of Law
Confirmation Pending

USDA Undersecretary for Trade and Foreign Agricultural Affairs: Luke Lindberg

Lindberg served as the Chief of Staff and Chief Strategy Officer at the Export-Import Bank of the United States. As the agency’s second-highest ranking official, he was responsible for managing the day-to-day operations of EXIM and advancing strategic initiatives such as the program on “China and Transformational Exports”, opening new markets for American Liquified Natural Gas, securing America’s supply of Critical Minerals & Rare Earths, and protecting allies in the race to deploy 5G globally. He also led EXIM’s involvement in the execution of the ground-breaking Abraham Accords. Mr. Lindberg earned the Distinguished Service Award, which recognizes distinctive accomplishment and leadership that significantly benefit EXIM and the nation.

Lindberg Serves on the board of directors of the National Association of District Export Councils, and the Children’s Home Society. He holds advisory roles with the U.S. Global Leadership Coalition, the Krach Institute for Tech Diplomacy at Purdue University, and is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations. Additionally, Lindberg is a Senior Fellow at the America First Policy Institute and has been featured by Fox News, The Washington Times, The Hill, The Daily Caller, The Federalist, and The Farm Journal, for his ‘Thought Leadership’ on international affairs and agriculture policy. Lindberg earned a Master of Business Administration, a Master of Public Policy, and a Bachelor of Arts in Government & Politics, all from the University of Maryland.

 

Confirmation Pending

USDA Undersecretary for Natural Resources and Environment: Michael Boren

Background:

  • Owns Hell Roaring Ranch in Stanley, Idaho
  • Co-founder of multibillion-dollar tech company Clearwater Analytics, headquartered in Boise, Idaho
  • Volunteer firefighter for Sawtooth Valley Rural Fire Department
  • Idaho Department of Parks and Recreation board member
Confirmation Pending

USDA Undersecretary for Research, Education and Economics: Scott Hutchins

This was Hutchins’ biography from the first time he held this appointment in 2019.

Dr. Scott Hutchins is the deputy under secretary for the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Research, Education and Economics mission area, which is comprised of the Agricultural Research Service, Economic Research Service, National Agricultural Statistics Service and the National Institute of Food and Agriculture. Together these agencies cut across every USDA department and have unique federal leadership responsibility to advance agriculture research, extension and education. He was sworn-in by Secretary Perdue on January 29, 2019.

Hutchins retired from CortevaTM AgriScience after almost 32 years, where he held many roles in Program Management, Human Resources, Six Sigma, R&D Portfolio Management and Global Administration. In addition, he is a board-certified entomologist, adjunct professor of entomology at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, past president of the Entomological Society of America (ESA), Fellow and Honorary Member of the ESA.

Hutchins received a bachelor’s degree in entomology from Auburn University, a master’s degree in entomology from Mississippi State University and a doctorate degree in entomology from Iowa State University. He and his wife Janet have three children and seven grandchildren.

Confirmation Pending

Kailee Tkacz Buller: Chief of Staff at USDA

  • Previous positions:
    • President and CEO of the National Oilseed Producers Association and the Edible Oil Producers Association
    • Chief of Staff to the Deputy Secretary of Agriculture and numerous other leadership roles within the department during the first Trump Administration
    • 8th Congressional District Representative of the Virginia Board of Agriculture and Consumer Services

Preston Parry: Deputy Chief of Staff

  • Previous positions:
    • Strategic Assistant to the President and CEO at the America First Policy Institute
    • Executive Assistant to the Director for the Domestic Policy Council (during the first Trump Administration) where he supported operations and served as Policy Coordinator and primary liaison to the Office of the Staff Secretary

Jennifer Tiller: Chief of Staff to the Deputy Secretary and Senior Advisor to the Secretary for Food, Nutrition, and Consumer Services

  • Previous positions:
    • Deputy Staff Director for the House Committee on Agriculture

Dominic Restuccia: White House Liaison for USDA

  • Previous positions:
    • Legislative assistant for U.S. Representative Mike Bishop and U.S. Senator Mike Lee

Ralph Linden: Principal Deputy General Counsel

  • Previous positions:
    • Served in various capacities in the Office of the General Counsel from 1982 to 2021
    • Acting Deputy General Counsel during the first Trump Administration

Audra Weeks: Deputy Director of Communications

  • Previous Positions:
    • USDA Deputy Press Secretary during the first Trump Administration
    • National press team for President Trump’s 2020 re-election campaign
    • Press secretary for Sen. Roger Marshall (R-KS)

Brooke Appleton: Chief of Staff to the Undersecretary for Farm Production and Conservation

  • Previous Positions:
    • Vice President of Public Policy for the National Corn Growers Association
    • Chief of Staff to the Deputy Agriculture Secretary during the first Trump Administration
    • Director of Government Affairs for Risk Management for the National Association of Wheat Growers
    • Legislative Assistant in the Office of then-House Ag committee member Sam Graves (R-MO)

Ricki Schroeder: Chief of Staff to the Undersecretary for Research, Education and Economics

  • Previous Positions:
    • Professional Staff for the House Agriculture Committee
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Cotton in the Market: BÉIS Launches New 100% Cotton Utility and Kids Collections

Editor’s Note: While we’re bringing this to your attention now, this partnership was actually announced in August of last year.

Product photo is from beistravel.com

BÉIS, the brand synonymous with stylish and functional travel gear, is once again making waves with the launch of two new collections. The Utility Collection, inspired by the rugged beauty of America’s National Parks, is designed for adventurers who demand both style and durability in their travel essentials.

The Kids Collection is designed to capture the essence of playful exploration while ensuring durability and style. And in a move that highlights their commitment to natural fibers, BÉIS has incorporated several items made with 100% cotton, ensuring that these pieces are as practical as they are comfortable.

Look for the Seal of Cotton on BÉIS utility totes for adults and kids!

Key Highlights of the Collections Include:

  • Durable 100% Cotton: In collaboration with Cotton Incorporated, the new bags are made of heavy duty, machine-washable 100% Cotton Canvas that improves with age, softening with wear, wash, and use.
  • Versatile Designs: From collapsible lunch boxes to multifunctional duffels, the Utility Collection is designed to adapt to your needs, making it easy to carry your essentials, no matter where your journey takes you.
  • Earth-Toned Palettes: Inspired by the natural landscapes of national parks, the collection features a color scheme that blends seamlessly with the great outdoors, making it the perfect companion for any adventure.

This announcement was originally published in “Cotton in the Market” from Cotton Works by Cotton Incorporated. The inclusion of BÉIS in “Cotton in the Market” is for illustrative purposes only, and does not imply endorsement by Cotton Incorporated.

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February 21, 2025

Welcome to the February 21, 2025 issue of Cotton News, a service provided by Plains Cotton Growers Inc. for the cotton industry in the Texas High Plains and beyond.

Floyd County Producer Dane Sanders, House Agriculture Committee Chairman Glenn “GT” Thompson (R-PA) and PCG CEO Kody Bessent.

House Republicans Advocate for Strong Farm Policy in 2025

This week Plains Cotton Growers met with House Agriculture Committee Chairman Glenn “GT” Thompson (R-PA) and Rep. Jake Ellzey Sr. (R-TX) at different events to learn how farm policy is shaping up in 2025.

“My goal is to have a farm bill done in the first half of this year,” Thompson said. “This farm bill is so important and we’ve got to invest in our farmers and increase their safety net.”

We appreciate the ag champions we have in Congress and look forward to working with them this year to enact strong farm policy for producers.

PCG Vice President and Lamb County Producer Brent Coker and Rep. Jake Ellzey (R-TX).

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ARC/PLC Decision Aid Updated for 2025

The Texas A&M University Agricultural Food and Policy Center developed a decision making tool in 2018 to provide producers with potential USDA-FSA program outcomes alongside federal crop insurance coverage options. This tool has been updated to help producers make their farm program elections and enrollments in 2025.

Any changes to insurance policy selections through the federal crop insurance program must be made by the sales closing date for the Texas High Plains region, which is March 15. FSA Farm Program elections (like the Agricultural Risk Coverage and Price Lose Coverage programs) need to be turned in to your local FSA office by April 15.

Since these deadlines are 30 days apart this year, the USDA Risk Management Agency determined that growers who include either SCO or STAX as part of their 2025 insurance coverage at sales closing will be considered eligible to purchase these products based on enrollment selections they make at FSA as of April 15.

For example:

  • If you decide to purchase STAX on March 15, then enroll in the Price Loss Coverage Program or the Agricultural Risk Coverage Program on April 15, the USDA Risk Management Agency will ignore your STAX selection and not attach it to your policy.
  • If you decide to purchase SCO on March 15, then enroll in the Price Loss Coverage Program on April 15, RMA will attach SCO to your insurance coverage. However, if you elect ARC, RMA will not attach your SCO coverage selection to your policy.

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Announcements

New BOI Reporting Deadline

FINCEN has updated the BOI reporting deadline to March 21, 2025.

EQUIP Funds Released by USDA

USDA Secretary Brooke Rollins announced yesterday (February 20, 2025) that USDA will honor contracts that were already made directly to farmers. Specifically, USDA is releasing approximately $20 billion in contracts for the Environmental Quality Incentive Program, the Conservation Stewardship Program and the Agricultural Conservation Easement Program.

New PCG Cotton News Series: Cotton Friendly Stores

You may have seen images of cotton apparel at select stores in Lubbock, Texas, on PCG’s social media channels. This will become a featured series in this newsletter where we will highlight stores that promote cotton clothing and keep a high level of cotton inventory. The goal is to walk in a store and see that it would be harder to NOT purchase cotton when shopping!

While we are headquartered in Lubbock, we hope to promote stores that are throughout the Texas High Plains. If you know of a cotton friendly store in your area, please send the information to Kara Bishop or call the office: 806-792-4904. Let’s all support the cotton industry together!

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January 31, 2025

Welcome to the January 31, 2025 issue of Cotton News, a service provided by Plains Cotton Growers Inc. for the cotton industry in the Texas High Plains and beyond.

Get to Know Ag’s Champions in Congress, Part 3

Sen. John Hoeven (R-ND) – Chair of the Senate Ag Appropriations Subcommittee

Editor’s Note: We are introducing a short series of articles in the next few issues of Cotton News detailing the Representatives and Senators serving on the House Agriculture Committee, the Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry, and the House Ag Appropriations and Senate Ag Appropriations Subcommittees.

This issue will feature the Chair and Ranking Member of the Senate Subcommittee on Agriculture, Rural Development, and Food and Drug Administration Appropriations. This subcommittee will be referred to as “Senate Ag Appropriations” through the rest of the article.

This subcommittee is tasked with writing legislation that allocates federal funds to government agencies, departments and organizations for the agriculture industry.

Part 3: Senate Ag Appropriations

Sen. Jeanne Shaheen (D-NH) – Ranking Member of the Senate Ag Appropriations Subcommittee

Sen. John Hoeven (R-ND), Senate Ag Appropriations Chair

  • Elected to the U.S. Senate in 2011
  • Served 10 years as North Dakota Governor
  • Member of the House Ag Committee and played a crucial role in crafting and passing the 2014 Farm Bill
  • Vice President of First Western Bank from 1986-2000
  • President and CEO of the Bank of North Dakota from 1993-2000

Sen. Jeanne Shaheen (D-NH), Senate Ag Appropriations Ranking Member

  • Elected to the U.S. Senate in 2009
  • Former governor of New Hampshire
  • Served in the New Hampshire Senate
  • One of 12 Senate Democrats to vote for the Laken Riley Act
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Texas State Support Projects Win Big at 2025 Beltwide Cotton Conferences

Megan Mills Singletary and Matthew Cole Woodard

We’re excited to announce that the following students took home banners at the 2025 Beltwide Cotton Conferences for their projects, which are partially funded by Cotton Incorporated’s State Support Program (Texas State Support).

Megan Mills Singletary — “Strategies for Controlling Dicamba-Resistant Palmer Amaranth in Texas and Tennessee”

First Place — Ph.D. oral presentation competition, Weed Science Conference

Project Funded by USDA NIFA and the Texas State Support Committee

Matthew Cole Woolard — “Does adjuvant selection impact AxantTM Flex cotton response when tank-mixed with topramezone and Liberty ULTRA?”

First Place — Ph.D. poster presentation competition, Weed Science Conference

Funded by BASF Corporation and the Texas State Support Committee

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2024 Cotton Quality Report

Lamesa’s average daily number of cotton samples received this week is 624. The office is currently 99% complete in the classing of their season estimate of samples.

Lubbock’s average daily number of cotton samples received this week is 5,060. The office is 99% complete in the classing of their season estimate of samples.

Lamesa Report

Lubbock Report

Reminder for Gins:

If gins are submitting samples for the Four Bale Module Averaging pilot program, the submitted modules must be designated with a R and they must be in multiples of 4. (4, 8, 12, 16 up to 48).

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What You Need to Know About Economic Assistance and Disaster Assistance

Economic Assistance Overview
  • $10 billion in total funding for all eligible commodities
  • 90-day period for USDA implementation
  • Eligibility based on 2024 FSA-certified planted acres and 50% prevent-plant acres
  • Skip-row acreage granted parity with solid plant acreage for this program

What you should know: Assuming Brooke Rollins is confirmed by the Senate as the new Secretary of Agriculture (confirmation hearing scheduled for 10 a.m. ET on January 23, 2025), then the economic assistance will be processed quickly. The 90 days is a deadline the deadline for payments to be completed (March 21, 2025); however, payments will likely be issued before this.

Disaster Assistance Overview:
  • $20.78 billion in total funding for all eligible commodities
  • Applicable to the 2023 and 2024 crop years for qualifying disaster losses

What you should know: We do not yet know how the disaster assistance will be issued or how the payment methodology will be implemented. The development of this program will not begin until we have a confirmed Secretary of Agriculture and could take some time to formulate. We do not have any payment rates or calculations at this time.

Variety Trial Results: Crosby and Lubbock County

By Ken Legé, Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center Cotton Specialist

We are about 70% harvested with our southern high plains RACE trials, and hopefully will have the remainder in the barn once the much-needed rain moves out.

I have attached all the results to date. An official, final publication will be published after the first of the year, but I want to get these results out in time to be used for variety selection decisions.

We greatly appreciate the support of our grower/cooperators, the seed companies who have invested in these trials, and the monetary support from the Texas State Support Committee of the Cotton Board, and Plains Cotton Growers/Plains Cotton Improvement Program.

Crosby County RACE Trial

Lubbock County RACE Trial

EPA Registers New Herbicide Active Ingredient Glufosinate-P

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is registering the new active ingredient glufosinate-P that controls weeds in conventional and glufosinate-resistant field corn, sweet corn, soybean, cotton, and canola. In addition to its final registration decision, EPA is also releasing its final biological evaluation for the active ingredient under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). This action is consistent with EPA’s obligations under the ESA and furthers the goals outlined in EPA’s April 2022 ESA Workplan.

The registration also contains mitigation measures to reduce exposure to non-target species and minimize impacts to federally endangered and threatened (listed) species and their designated critical habitats. Glufosinate-P is the first new active ingredient registration where EPA has used its new Herbicide Strategy Framework, released in August 2024, to inform the level of mitigation necessary to reduce exposure to listed species and critical habitat from runoff and erosion. The strategy is part of EPA’s broader plan to efficiently meet its ESA obligations by standardizing mitigation and protecting listed species from herbicides, including conventional herbicides used in agriculture, which allows EPA to meet its ESA obligations for glufosinate-P faster. Based on the Herbicide Strategy mitigation menu, glufosinate-P requires a low level of mitigations to reduce spray drift and other off-field risks.

Background on Glufosinate-P

Glufosinate-P and glufosinate-P ammonium (an isomer of the currently registered herbicide glufosinate and its ammonium salt, respectively) is a broad-spectrum herbicide that directly inhibits photosynthesis and causes excess ammonia build-up, which is generally toxic to plants in high concentrations.

Glufosinate-P has similar benefits and uses to the currently registered glufosinate herbicide products. These benefits include flexible application timing, which allows for postemergence weed control over the top of glufosinate-tolerant crops and for early season use in non-tolerant canola, corn, cotton, and soybean. The proposed glufosinate-P products result in less chemicals entering the environment compared to the currently registered glufosinate because they only require approximately half the application rate to be as effective.

Results of EPA’s Risk Assessments

Before issuing the final registration decision, EPA evaluated the potential hazardous effects and exposures to human health and the environment, as required by the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). No human health risks of concern were identified for the uses of glufosinate-P. However, EPA’s ecological draft risk assessment identified potential risks for terrestrial and aquatic plants and chronic risk to mammals, bees, and other terrestrial invertebrates that may forage in treated fields and may be exposed to residues by consuming food exposed to off-site spray drift.

Mitigations

EPA is requiring the implementation of the following mitigation measures to address on- and off-field effects to non-target species, including listed species:

  • Prohibiting application during rainfall and when soils are saturated or above field capacity;
  • Requiring users to visit EPA’s Mitigation Menu Website before application and determine an appropriate strategy for meeting or exceeding the required number of mitigation points as specified on the label;
  • Maintaining a downwind buffer between the last spray row and the protection area of 50 feet for aerial application and 10 feet for ground application; and,
  • Instructing users to access and follow any applicable endangered species bulletins for the two listed species–the Spring Creek bladderpod plant and the whorled sunflower plant–from “Bulletins Live! Two” web-based system for all additional directions and restrictions.

With these mitigations in place, EPA’s final biological evaluation predicts that the use of glufosinate-P will not result in a likelihood of future jeopardy of any listed species, or a likelihood of adverse modification for any designated critical habitat.

EPA has initiated ESA consultation and shared its findings with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the National Marine Fisheries Service (collectively referred to as the Services). During formal consultation, the Services use the information in EPA’s final biological evaluation to inform their biological opinions. While EPA has made predictions about the potential likelihood of future jeopardy/adverse modification as part of its biological evaluation, the Services are responsible for making the actual final jeopardy/adverse modification findings and have the sole authority to do so. If the Services determine in their final biological opinions that additional mitigations are necessary to address any jeopardy/adverse modification determination or to address any unintentional harm known as incidental take, then EPA will work with the registrant to ensure that any necessary registration or labeling changes are made.

All the supporting documents related to glufosinate-P are available in EPA-HQ-OPP-2020-0250. Please note that draft labels for BASF products are available in EPA-HQ-OPP-2020-0250 and the draft labels for MCCLS products are available in EPA-HQ-OPP-2020-0533.

October 18, 2024

Welcome to the October 18, 2024 issue of Cotton News, a service provided by Plains Cotton Growers Inc. for the cotton industry in the Texas High Plains and beyond.

The Mere Exposure Effect

Why It’s Important to Familiarize Young People with Cotton Clothing

By Kara Bishop

My grandmother used to make me “coffee” starting at two years old. She’d give me my own little cup and saucer with a tiny bit of coffee and a whole lot of milk. Coffee was a staple in my family’s household. Coffee reminds me of early mornings in Colorado during the summer when I would go to my grandparent’s camper in my pajamas to watch the sunrise. It’s what we drank on Sunday afternoons watching football.

Fast forward years later, and it’s a daily ritual in my home. I drink it regardless of whether I need it. Because it’s familiar. Because it’s nostalgic. Because, as weird as it sounds, it’s part of my identity.

I contribute financially to the coffee industry in large part because of what’s known as the “Mere Exposure Effect.”

The Mere Exposure Effect describes our tendency to develop preferences for things simply because we are familiar with them. And it can be effectively used to ensure that individuals purchase cotton clothing throughout their lifespan. When you dress a child in denim from infancy to teenager, chances are, they’re going to continue to purchase jeans for life.

Therefore, it makes sense to market and promote cotton to younger generations. That’s why Cotton Incorporated has partnered with Aéropostale — a retail chain that outfits high school students.

For the month of October, all 498 U.S. Aéropostale stores will feature cotton front and center. The front window display will model cotton styles with the messaging, “Keep It Real. Choose Comfort. Wear Cotton.”

Window display of the Aéropostale store in the Galleria Dallas Mall.

With this partnership, cotton clothing is in the front of the store pushing synthetic fiber apparel to the back — an effective marketing strategy. The retail store also has a cotton shop on their website to easily order cotton styles online.

This campaign is modeled after “The Fabric of Now,” but tweaked to resonate with a younger audience. The signage in the stores read “Real. Comfortable. Cotton. Because you’ll always remember how your outfit made you feel.” Feelings are very important in purchasing decisions. Much like coffee makes me think of precious memories I have with my family, we want these young people to associate their cotton outfits with an experience that’s significant to them.

The first display you see when you walk into any Aéropostale store in October.

I was impressed with the cotton content I saw in Aéropostale — even clothing with synthetic fiber was blended with cotton fabric for the most part. And it’s affordable, which will always make purchasing decisions for this demographic easier.

If you’re looking for cotton options for your children, this is a slam dunk. Visit the Aéropostale cotton shop here.

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